那麼前進表該如何前進,舉個實際的例子,如果要在字串中搜尋JUST這個字串,則可能遇到的幾個情況如下所示:
依照這個例子,可以決定出我們的前進值表如下:
其它 |
J |
U |
S |
T |
4 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
4(match?) |
如果關鍵字中有重複出現的字元,則前進值就會有兩個以上的值,此時則取前進值較小的值,如此就不會跳過可能的位置,例如texture這個關鍵字,t的前
進值應該取後面的3而不是取前面的7。
實作
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
void table(char*); // 建立前進表
int search(int, char*, char*); // 搜尋關鍵字
void substring(char*, char*, int, int); // 取出子字串
int skip[256];
int main(void) {
char str_input[80];
char str_key[80];
char tmp[80] = {'\0'};
int m, n, p;
printf("請輸入字串:");
gets(str_input);
printf("請輸入搜尋關鍵字:");
gets(str_key);
m = strlen(str_input); // 計算字串長度
n = strlen(str_key);
table(str_key);
p = search(n-1, str_input, str_key);
while(p != -1) {
substring(str_input, tmp, p, m);
printf("%s\n", tmp);
p = search(p+n+1, str_input, str_key);
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
void table(char *key) {
int k, n;
n = strlen(key);
for(k = 0; k <= 255; k++)
skip[k] = n;
for(k = 0; k < n - 1; k++)
skip[key[k]] = n - k - 1;
}
int search(int p, char* input, char* key) {
int i, m, n;
char tmp[80] = {'\0'};
m = strlen(input);
n = strlen(key);
while(p < m) {
substring(input, tmp, p-n+1, p);
if(!strcmp(tmp, key)) // 比較兩字串是否相同
return p-n+1;
p += skip[input[p]];
}
return -1;
}
void substring(char *text, char* tmp, int s, int e) {
int i, j;
for(i = s, j = 0; i <= e; i++, j++)
tmp[j] = text[i];
tmp[j] = '\0';
}
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
public class StringMatch {
private int[] skip;
private int p;
private String str;
private String key;
public StringMatch(String key) {
skip = new int[256];
this.key = key;
for(int k = 0; k <= 255; k++)
skip[k] = key.length();
for(int k = 0; k < key.length() - 1; k++)
skip[key.charAt(k)] = key.length() - k - 1;
}
public void search(String str) {
this.str = str;
p = search(key.length()-1, str, key);
}
private int search(int p, String input, String key) {
while(p < input.length()) {
String tmp = input.substring(
p-key.length()+1, p+1);
if(tmp.equals(key)) // 比較兩字串是否相同
return p-key.length()+1;
p += skip[input.charAt(p)];
}
return -1;
}
public boolean hasNext() {
return (p != -1);
}
public String next() {
String tmp = str.substring(p);
p = search(p+key.length()+1, str, key);
return tmp;
}
public static void main(String[] args)
throws IOException {
BufferedReader bufReader =
new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(System.in));
System.out.print("請輸入字串:");
String str = bufReader.readLine();
System.out.print("請輸入搜尋關鍵字:");
String key = bufReader.readLine();
StringMatch strMatch = new StringMatch(key);
strMatch.search(str);
while(strMatch.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(strMatch.next());
}
}
}